ClearType

- a software technology developed by Microsoft that improves the readability of text on existing LCDs (Liquid Crystal Displays), such as laptop screens, Pocket PC screens and flat panel monitors; more here.

CoolType

- a software technology developed by Adobe comparable with ClearType from Microsoft and Quartz from Apple: using 'color anti-aliasing', CoolType controls the individual red, green, and blue subpixels on a digital LCD screen, adjusting the intensity independently, achieving sharper, more precise smoothing to dramatically improve readability: more here.

dType

- a variety supported by, e.g. DiamondSoft's programme FontReserve; I haven't yet found out what it is, but I guess I will do when I need to: again, do tell me if you know.

Multiple master typefaces

"... include one or more design axes - weight, width, style and optical size - that allow you to create thousands of font instances from a single typeface"

Adobe