How vector graphics are created - Advanced path functions

Calligraphic pen tools

These work by using completely different concepts in different programmes.

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Illustrator creates a single open path, as one of four options within the brush tool, whose function is 'adding art to paths' - a real creative and far step from the basics of bezier curves.

You choose parameters like angle, roundness and diameter, and you can store the settings as a virtual 'calligraphic pen' to use another time.

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Illustrator's interpretation of my capital D gave beautifully-even curves with only four points: whether I edit the shape by bending a segment or moving a point, the letter stays a beautiful shape which is recognisable as simply a slight changing of proportions within the basic concept of my D; I can also change the weight (thickness) of the stroke afterwards.

Of course, these four points alone are enough to define the shape of the curves, but not the whole calligraphic outline with its varying thickness: it must mean that for this special calligraphic tool, the programme also records the changing thickness behind the scenes - all rather impressive ...